Problem Solving (Step by Step)
A structured problem-solving worksheet following the classic steps: define the problem, generate options without judging them, weigh the options, choose one, plan it, and review the outcome. For stress, depression and worry where the problem is real and solvable.
About this resource
Problem-solving therapy, developed by D'Zurilla and Goldfried and refined by Nezu and colleagues, rests on the observation that many people in distress do not lack the ability to solve problems but lose access to it. Low mood narrows thinking and drains motivation, worry keeps the mind circling the problem without ever moving toward a solution, and stress makes every option feel impossible. A structured sequence externalises the process, slows it down, and separates the stages that people usually collapse together, most importantly generating options from evaluating them.
This worksheet takes the client through six stages. It is designed for problems that are concrete, current and at least partly within the client's influence. It is not for hypothetical worries ('what if I get ill next year'), which are better addressed by worry postponement or acceptance work, and the professional version includes guidance on helping clients tell the two apart. Problem solving is a core component of behavioural activation for depression and of CBT for generalised anxiety, and it is one of the interventions with the most consistent evidence for stress-related presentations.
The professional version adds a worked example, notes on common sticking points (defining the problem too broadly, rejecting options before the list is complete, choosing the option that reduces anxiety rather than the one that solves the problem), and suggestions for pacing the worksheet across two sessions when the client is very depressed.
How to use it
- Select a problem with the client that is specific, current and at least partly solvable. If the client brings a vague worry, spend time narrowing it to a concrete difficulty first.
- Work through the steps in order and in session the first time. Resist the urge to jump to solutions; the value is in the sequence.
- During the options step, insist on quantity over quality. Write down silly or impractical ideas too; they often unlock better ones.
- In the weighing step, ask about consequences for the client and for others, in the short term and the long term.
- Break the chosen option into steps small enough that the first one can be done this week. Agree exactly when it will happen.
- Review at the next session. If the plan did not work, treat it as information and return to the options list rather than starting over.
References
- D'Zurilla, T. J., & Goldfried, M. R. (1971). Problem solving and behavior modification. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 78(1), 107-126.
- Nezu, A. M., Nezu, C. M., & D'Zurilla, T. J. (2013). Problem-Solving Therapy: A Treatment Manual. Springer.
- Cuijpers, P., van Straten, A., & Warmerdam, L. (2007). Problem solving therapies for depression: A meta-analysis. European Psychiatry, 22(1), 9-15.
- Bell, A. C., & D'Zurilla, T. J. (2009). Problem-solving therapy for depression: A meta-analysis. Clinical Psychology Review, 29(4), 348-353.
